Priviet Social Sciences Journal

Indonesia's role in the internationalization of halal tourism through national policy and multilateral diplomacy

Almirah Nahda Ayu Wibiksono, Nazwa Farasyah — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study is motivated by the growing global acknowledgment of halal tourism as a pivotal sector within the halal industry and a significant engine for the Islamic economy. This study seeks to analyze Indonesia's role in internationalizing halal tourism by examining the synergy between its national policy development and its active participation in diplomatic forums, both of which serve as instruments for expanding its global influence. Methodologically, this qualitative study employs a systematic literature review, supplemented by content analysis of government regulations, policy documents, reports from international organizations, and relevant scientific articles on global halal tourism governance. The findings indicate that Indonesia strategically positions halal tourism as a domestic economic priority and a form of soft power. This can be achieved by strengthening halal certification, providing institutional support, engaging in nation branding, and promoting the harmonization of standards through multilateral cooperation. By leveraging multilateral diplomacy, Indonesia actively participates in shaping international norms, standardization, and networks to advance a more inclusive and globally recognized Halal tourism ecosystem. This strategy is not solely economically driven but also serves to enhance Indonesia's epistemic authority and diplomatic stature internationally. In conclusion, this study enriches the discourse on halal governance, international political economy, and tourism diplomacy, while also offering practical insights into Indonesia's potential to develop a competitive, sustainable, and influential halal tourism model through the effective synergy of national policies and multilateral engagement.

Toward a Qur’anic philosophy of multicultural education: A hermeneutical and ethical approach

Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Multicultural education is increasingly important in the context of globalization that affects cultural and religious diversity in society. This research aims to explore the philosophical basis of multicultural education through the interpretation of the Qur'an and the role of hermeneutic approaches in Islamic religious education. The research method uses a Systematic Literature Review based on the Scopus database from 2022 to 2025 by analyzing Scopus-indexed scientific articles related to multiculturalism, Islamic education, and hermeneutics. From the search results, it was found that 229 articles were filtered into 37 relevant articles, and finally 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected for further analysis. The results of the study show that the interpretation of the Qur'an with a contextual hermeneutic approach provides a strong philosophical basis for multicultural education with the values of inclusivity, justice, and respect for diversity. This research also identifies the important contribution of hermeneutics in enriching the interpretation of Qur'anic values that support a more inclusive and tolerant education. The conclusion in this study is that Islamic religious education based on Qur'anic values can create a harmonious and pluralistic society if applied with a more critical and contextual approach. The main contribution of this article is to fill the research gap on the application of Qur'an interpretation in multicultural education and to introduce a broader hermeneutic approach in the context of Islamic religious education in an increasingly diverse society.

Design of Supply Chain Management (SCM) performance measurement model using SCOR and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP): A case study at PT. Circle Pro Group (Central Java-Klaten)

Ibnu Nafis, Narto Narto, Suparno Suparno — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to design a performance measurement model for Supply Chain Management (SCM) at PT Circle Pro Group, Klaten, Central Java, using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The PT Circle Pro Group has not implemented any SCM performance measurement system, resulting in unclear performance levels and difficulties in identifying improvement priorities. The SCOR model was used to structure SCM activities into Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, and Return, whereas AHP was applied to determine the weight and priority of performance indicators. A total of 17 validated indicators were developed based on the SCOR processes and company conditions. The measurement results indicated an SCM performance score of 91.47, which was categorized as above average. However, several indicators scored below 90, particularly forecast accuracy, raw material planning, and supplier delivery punctuality. Recommendations for improvement include strengthening forecasting processes, optimizing procurement planning, and enhancing supplier performance evaluation. This study produces a structured SCM performance measurement model tailored for PT Circle Pro Group, enabling continuous evaluation and improvement. The model can be adapted by other service-based companies with similar operational characteristics.

Revisiting determinants of financial performance: The roles of environmental performance, environmental costs, and environmental disclosure

Rezza Arlinda Sarwendhi, Agustina Ratna Dwiati, Riski Aprilia Nita, Gyzza Febita — Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study seeks to analyze the impact of environmental performance, environmental costs, and environmental disclosure on the financial performance of consumer cyclical companies. The sample companies selected are cyclical companies with public status (Tbk) between 2019 and 2023. Sample selection was performed using the purposive method, and the final sample comprised 16 companies with 67 observations after outlier removal. The PROPER rating is used as a proxy to assess environmental performance, environmental costs are assessed through CSR expenditure disclosures in annual reports, and environmental disclosure is evaluated using GRI-G4 indicators. The analytical techniques employed included descriptive statistics and classical assumption tests. In addition, multiple regression models were used, and SPSS was used for hypothesis testing. Testing revealed that environmental performance negatively affects financial performance. This indicates that efforts to improve environmental performance require substantial costs, potentially reducing profitability. Meanwhile, environmental costs have no significant effect on financial performance, suggesting that increased CSR spending does not directly enhance profitability. Conversely, environmental disclosure positively impacts financial performance, implying that transparent reporting of environmental activities enhances public trust and investor perception. Some limitations of this study were the small number of companies used as samples because only a few companies participated in the PROPER rating or disclosed sustainability reports, and the need to remove outliers. Further research is expected to increase the number of samples, include additional independent variables, and examine other industry sectors to obtain more comprehensive insights.

The effect of service quality on consumer satisfaction and loyalty at CV Farras Mobil in Demak Regency

Farras Khoirullah Kholil, Alifah Ratnawati — Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to analyze the effect of service quality on consumer satisfaction and loyalty at CV Farras Mobil in Demak Regency. Service quality in this study was measured using five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. This study also examines the role of consumer satisfaction as an intervening variable between service quality and consumer loyalty. This explanatory study employed a quantitative approach. The population consists of all consumers of CV Farras Mobil in Demak Regency, the exact number of which is unknown. Purposive sampling was used, with a total sample of 96 respondents included. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of the SPSS version 29. The results show that the tangible variable has no effect on consumer satisfaction, whereas reliability has a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction. Responsiveness had no effect on consumer satisfaction, whereas assurance had a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction. Empathy also has no effect on consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, tangibles have no effect on consumer loyalty, and reliability also has no significant effect on consumer loyalty. However, responsiveness and assurance had positive and significant effects on consumer loyalty. Empathy had no effect on consumer loyalty, whereas consumer satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on consumer loyalty.

The relationship between work stress and quiet quitting among generation Z employees

Karissa Veren, Zamralita Zamralita, Ismoro Reza Prima Putra — Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Quiet quitting represents a phase of disengagement in which employees continue to work but limit their efforts strictly to job descriptions. When this occurs on a massive scale, it hinders innovation, increases workload for engaged employees, and contributes to stagnant organizational growth. Previous studies have shown that quiet quitting is prevalent among Gen Z and is influenced by work stress. Work stress consists of challenge and hindrance stress, which affect individual performance differently. High levels of stress can also reduce productivity and lead to organizational losses. Therefore, further research is necessary to understand the relationship between these two types of work stress and quiet quitting. This study aims to examine the relationship between challenge stress, hindrance stress, and quiet quitting among Gen Z employees in Indonesia. A quantitative correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 212 Gen Z employees in Indonesia, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected through an online survey using the Challenge and Hindrance-related Self-Reported Stress Scale by Cavanaugh et al. (1998) and the Quiet Quitting Scale by Galanis et al. (2023). The C-HSS contained 11 items, while the QQS comprised eight items, showing acceptable internal consistency (α>0.600). The results indicate that challenge stress is negatively correlated with quiet quitting, whereas hindrance stress is positively correlated. Challenge stress tends to enhance motivation and reduce quiet quitting tendencies, whereas hindrance stress increases withdrawal behaviors. These findings provide insights for organizations to develop strategies for managing Gen Z employees’ work-related stress and maintaining their engagement levels.

The impact evaluation of income redistribution on social inequality in Indonesia: Propensity score matching approach

Nazril Muntazar — Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

While Indonesia has implemented a wide array of social assistance and subsidy programs to counteract poverty and inequality, the redistributive impact of these policies remains questionable. This study presents a rigorous and critical examination of the causal effect of income redistribution through cash transfers and subsidies on social inequality, employing Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to control for selection bias. Utilizing data from the nationally representative SUSENAS (2019-2022) across the pre-, during, and post-pandemic periods, this analysis compared beneficiary and non-beneficiary households across various socioeconomic dimensions. In contrast to previous descriptive work, our findings provide strong evidence of the short-term redistribution effects on per-capita consumption and the household Gini index. The results indicate that consumption increased on average by 8.3 percent, and inequality fell significantly, with some degree of spatial heterogeneity. The most significant effects on inequality were observed in Western Indonesia, whereas the Eastern areas experienced minor effects. The analysis reveals policy-relevant heterogeneity, with larger benefits for female-headed households and those receiving multiple programs than for male-headed households. This study contributes to the existing literature by (1) using PSM to assess the cross-program redistributive effect, (2) illustrating the spatial disparities of implementation, and (3) exploring complementarity among types of assistance. Policy implications call for integrated targeting systems, real-time microdata surveillance, and adaptive program design that is region-specific. Redistribution is not enough; substantive reforms must support fiscal efforts for long-term social justice.

Analysis of social behavior and communication strategies in Women’s Bathing, Washing, and Toileting (MCK) activities in the open Aek Pohon River, Pidoli Dolok Subdistrict

Sahara Nurfitri Nasution, Marlina Marlina, Hafsah Juni Batubara — Tue, 06 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study analyzed the behavior of women who perform bathing, washing, and toileting (MCK) activities in the open Aek Pohon River in the Pidoli Dolok Subdistrict. The aim is to identify the causes, impacts, and appropriate environmental communication strategies. This study employed a qualitative method with a case study approach through observation and interviews. The results show that this behavior is influenced by limited facilities, long-standing traditions, and the perception of the river as the primary water source. Communication strategies are implemented through educational efforts, the involvement of religious leaders, and the provision of MCK facilities by the government. These findings are expected to contribute to studies on social behavior and environmental communication.

Legal certainty of land certificate letter (Surat Keterangan Tanah or SKT) in land sale and purchase transactions as proof of ownership

Muhammad Viegri, Muhammad Tahir — Tue, 06 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the legal certainty of the Land Certificate Letter (Surat Keterangan Tanah/SKT) in land sale and purchase transactions as proof of ownership. This study aims to analyze the legal status, evidentiary value, and level of legal certainty of SKT use in land transactions. A normative juridical approach was used, employing statutory, conceptual, and case-based analyses of the relevant literature. The results reveal that the SKT serves only as administrative proof of physical land possession and not as legal proof of ownership. The SKT provides prima facie evidence that can be used to register land ownership but does not ensure full legal protection. To guarantee legal certainty, SKT-based transactions must be followed by an official deed of sale before a Land Deed Official (PPAT) and land registration at the National Land Agency (BPN). This aligns with the legal principles of certainty (rechtszekerheid) and legal protection (rechtsbescherming) under the Indonesian Agrarian Law (UUPA) and Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997.

Visual element analysis in the packaging design of the Ataraksia Horror Series perfume using Gillian Rose's visual approach

M. Widyan Ardani, Akbar Seknun — Tue, 06 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study analyzes the visual elements of the Ataraksia Series Horor perfume packaging design, specifically the Peri Gandhamayit and Sanggar Hantu Laut variants, using Gillian Rose's framework of visual analysis (composition, modality, codes, and regime of truth). This qualitative approach aims to understand how elements such as dark colors, sharp serif typography, surreal illustrations, and symmetrical layouts interact to form a horror aesthetic, influence consumer perception, and build a strong brand identity. Primary data were collected through photographic documentation of the packaging and were analyzed descriptively and interpretively. The findings reveal that composition and modality create distorted visual horror narratives. Code analysis uncovers inspirations from local mythology (site of production) and the emotional responses of a gothic niche audience (site of audiencing). The regime of truth reinforces the brand's claim as a mystical cultural artifact that transcends mere fragrance. These findings offer theoretical implications for visual semiotics and practical implications for perfume design strategies.

The effect of stress and organizational culture on job satisfaction

Tue, 06 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Workplace stress has become an inevitable phenomenon in modern organizations. As task complexity, competition, and performance expectations increase, many workers experience prolonged stress. This phenomenon significantly impacts employees' mental and physical health, reduces their concentration, and increases the risk of burnout. Organizational culture can be likened to the philosophy, ideology, values, beliefs, and norms that bind an organization. An organizational culture that has been internalized and accepted by each member can impact employee job satisfaction in the company. This systematic literature review is compiled based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) from research related to the influence of stress and organizational culture on job satisfaction. Job stress significantly and negatively affects job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The higher the level of stress, the lower the individual's positive evaluation of the work environment, relationships between colleagues, and the rewards they receive. A positive organizational culture increases job satisfaction, strengthens relationships between employees, and encourages the creation of a harmonious work atmosphere. Conversely, a weak or poor organizational culture can decrease employees’ job satisfaction.

Analysis of the influence of tax knowledge and tax compliance on the perception of tax revenue among MSME actors in Cibungbulang District at KPP Pratama Ciawi

Nurmalasari Nurmalasari, Mahwiyah Mahwiyah — Wed, 07 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines how tax understanding and taxpayer compliance contribute to improving regional tax revenue among micro, small, and medium enterprises registered at a local tax office. This study adopts a quantitative approach supported by survey responses from business actors actively engaged in fulfilling their tax obligations. The analysis highlights that a higher level of tax understanding encourages taxpayers to perform their administrative duties more accurately, creating a stronger awareness of legal responsibilities and the role of taxation in regional development. Although taxpayer compliance varies across respondents, the combined influence of both variables has meaningful implications for strengthening the effectiveness of local tax collection. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous socialization, targeted guidance programs, and enhanced tax literacy to ensure that business actors are better equipped to meet regulatory requirements. This study contributes to the growing discourse on taxpayer behavior and regional fiscal capacity.

The relationship between work-related social media use and work-life integration among generation Z employees in Indonesia

Laura Aurelia Austine Untung, Zamralita Zamralita, Jessica Jessica — Wed, 07 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The use of work-related social media by Generation Z has become a widespread phenomenon, creating a dilemma between flexibility and the blurring of boundaries between professional and personal lives. As digital natives, they are expected to seamlessly integrate work and personal life; however, they are also vulnerable to technostress. This study examines the relationship between Work-Related Social Media Use (WSMU) and Work-Life Integration (WLI) among Generation Z employees. This study adopts Boundary Theory and the Job Demands-Resources model as its theoretical framework. A correlational quantitative approach was employed, involving 203 Generation Z employees selected through convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Work-Life Boundary Enactment Scale and Work-Related Social Media Questionnaire. The results of the correlation analysis rejected the initial hypothesis. A highly significant negative relationship was found between WSMU and WLI (r = -0.206, P = 0.003). This suggests that employees who effectively utilize social media for work tend to enact stronger segmentation strategies rather than integration. Further analysis revealed that hybrid workers reported significantly higher integration levels than office-based workers, and female employees engaged in more productive WSMU behaviors.

Legal review of dumping practices in Indonesia: A comparative study of international economic law and Sharia economic law

Wafa Ibra Syahra, Chairul Fahmi , Shabarullah Shabarullah — Wed, 07 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Dumping is an international trade practice that can distort markets and harm domestic industries in importing countries, prompting the development of anti-dumping policies as trade protection instruments. This study aims to analyze the regulation and implementation of anti-dumping policy in Indonesia, examine its conformity with international trade law principles under the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework, and assess dumping and anti-dumping practices from the perspective of Sharia economic law. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative law approaches, drawing on secondary data such as international agreements (GATT 1994 and the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement), national legislation (Law No. 7 of 2014 and Government Regulation No. 34 of 2011), and scholarly literature on international and Islamic economic laws. The findings indicate that, normatively, Indonesia’s anti-dumping regulations have adopted WTO principles, particularly regarding the determination of dumping margins, material injury, and causation. However, in practice, the implementation of anti-dumping measures through the Indonesian Anti-Dumping Committee (KADI) continues to face procedural constraints and challenges in effectively protecting domestic industries. From the perspective of Sharia economic law, dumping is viewed as being inconsistent with the principles of justice, the prohibition of harm, and the ethical norms of fair competition. Therefore, Indonesia’s anti-dumping policy should be strengthened not only to ensure compliance with WTO law but also through the internalization of substantive justice values, as emphasized in Sharia economic law.

Exploring production management and social media strategy mapping in educational institutions

Khairunnisa Devani Aqtus Permana Putri, Melisa Bunga Altamira — Thu, 08 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Information technology continues to evolve, requiring society to adapt quickly. This acceleration has led to digital technology disruption, resulting in massive changes to human life, such as in production, distribution, and advertising in the media. Several educational institutions have used Instagram to connect various elements both inside and outside the campus, one of which is the UI Vocational Education Program on Instagram @vokasi_ui. UI Vocational continues to creatively produce content related to education and entertainment. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with field research methods, using observation and document study as data collection methods. Production management and content mapping on the @vokasi_ui Instagram account are carried out through content diversity, consistency of uploads, utilization of Instagram features, and interaction with followers through the stages of planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling.

The social construction of disappointment in the monodrama Fi Intizār Rādī: Analysis of the phenomenon of the defeated generation through the perspective of Peter L. Berger

Jasmiko Jasmiko, Aina Mardiyah Caniago, Ali Reza Fadilah — Thu, 08 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to analyze the monodrama Fi Intizār Rādī by Bassam Hassan using the framework of the Social Construction of Reality Theory by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. This research dissects how the social, political, and economic crises in post-Arab Spring Egypt have gone through three dialectical moments of social construction–Externalization, Objectivation, and Internalization–which ultimately shape Saber's identity as a member of the defeated generation. The results of the analysis indicate that Saber's narrative concerning bureaucratic corruption and the betrayal of the revolution is a reality that has been objectivized, mentally and physically imprisoning the individual. Saber internalizes this reality, which manifests as existential stasis, illness, and ultimately, death. Thus, Fi Intizār Rādī dramatically represents society’s failure to legitimate a just universe of meaning, compelling Saber to search for meaning in nothingness.

Cross-generational comparative analysis of educators communication patterns: A case study at SMPN 2 Selat, Karangasem, Bali

Ahmad Rofiki Rahman, Fenysia Alfiana — Thu, 08 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the comparative communication patterns of Generation X, Generation Y (Millennials), and Generation Z teachers in the context of Natural Science (IPA) instruction at SMPN 2 Selat, Karangasem, Bali. The presence of multiple generations in school environments creates distinct communication dynamics that influence the effectiveness of classroom interactions and students’ learning experiences. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and documents. The analysis was conducted using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, which involves data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal significant generational differences in verbal and nonverbal communication, technology use, and teacher–student interaction styles. Generation X teachers exhibit formal, structured, and authoritative communication with a limited integration of digital media. Generation Y teachers employ a more balanced, interactive, and expressive communication approach, supported by the moderate use of technology. Meanwhile, Generation Z teachers demonstrate highly dynamic, informal, and technology-intensive communication styles that foster horizontal and student-centered interaction. These differences reflect the influence of generational characteristics on instructional communication and indicate that cross-generational diversity enriches pedagogical practices rather than hindering them. This study contributes to educational communication research by offering empirical insights into how generational identity shapes communication behavior in classroom settings, particularly in nonurban schools. The findings also have practical implications for designing teacher professional development programs that accommodate generational differences in communicative competencies.

Patient satisfaction as a pathway between service quality and loyalty: Insights from dental care services

Wasito Wasito, Euis Dara Puspita — Thu, 08 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the effect of service quality on patient satisfaction and its implications for loyalty at Lapan Dental Care Clinic in Bandung Regency. A cross-sectional design with consecutive sampling was applied, involving 100 patients. Path analysis was employed to test the causal relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that service quality significantly influences patient satisfaction by 77.89%, with justice contributing the most (18.58%). Patient satisfaction significantly affects loyalty by 79.38% and mediates the relationship between service quality and loyalty, with a contribution of 87.88%. These results highlight the importance of improving service quality, particularly fairness and safety, to enhance patient satisfaction and foster loyalty. This study contributes empirical evidence to the literature on dental healthcare services in regions with limited facilities.

Ethnicity as mobilization infrastructure: Pashtun identity and taliban insurgency in Afghanistan

Muhammad Hayyi’ Lana Alkhan, Akbar Farid , Ahmad Fauzi , Zikri Rahmani — Fri, 09 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the role of Pashtun ethnicity in Taliban insurgency and post-2021 governance by conceptualizing ethnicity as mobilization infrastructure rather than as a primordial or deterministic cause of conflict. Drawing on a critical narrative review of recent scholarly and policy-oriented literature, this study analyzes how Pashtun identity operates through social networks, territorial ties, normative frameworks, and organizational continuity to enable recruitment, coordination, legitimacy, and political control. The findings show that Pashtun ethnicity has facilitated the Taliban’s organizational resilience and its transition from insurgency to governance, particularly through network-based mobilization and access to territorial sanctuaries. Simultaneously, the selective use of Pashtunwali has contributed to local legitimacy in Pashtun-majority areas while constraining broader national acceptance. The analysis further highlights the dual effect of ethnic dominance in the post-2021 political order: strengthening short-term stability and internal cohesion while exacerbating political exclusion and ethnic grievances. By specifying the mechanisms through which ethnic identity is transformed into mobilization capacity, this article contributes a mechanism-based framework to debates on ethnicity, insurgency, and governance in Afghanistan, offering a non-deterministic and analytically grounded understanding of conflict dynamics in multiethnic societies.

The legal convergence of prenuptial agreements: An analysis of the marriage law, Islamic law compilation, and constitutional jurisprudence

Fri, 09 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

A prenuptial agreement is an important instrument in marriage law that regulates agreements between prospective spouses to arrange their rights, obligations, and property prior to marriage. The study of prenuptial agreements is particularly urgent in the modern context, where social and economic dynamics continue to evolve and influence family life. This study aims to examine, from a legal perspective, how prenuptial agreements are regulated in Indonesian civil law, their implementation in society, and their legal implications for the division of property and safeguarding each party's rights following marriage. The research method used is a normative method, using the analysis of legal documents and related literature, as well as case studies to demonstrate how prenuptial agreements are used in practice. The study’s results found that prenuptial agreements possess enforceable legal authority as long as they meet the requirements of a valid agreement according to the Civil Code and applicable laws and regulations, including the Marriage Law. These agreements serve to avoid property disputes at the end of a marriage through divorce or death. However, it is of paramount importance that legal convergence regarding prenuptial agreements is achieved. Similarly, the role of the notary as an authorized official is crucial in providing optimal legal protection. The legal implications of prenuptial agreements are vital for ensuring legal certainty for couples, particularly concerning the division of joint property, which can be adjusted to the parties' wishes in accordance with the initial agreement

Study of Indonesian marriage law on inner marriage practices in the Bidaah drama series

Wiwin Wiwin, Herman B, Phireri Phireri, Muh. Akbar Fhad Syahril — Fri, 09 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

In Indonesian law, marriage is a physical and spiritual bond between men and women who aim to form a happy family based on trust in God Almighty. The heresy drama series display inner marriage practice, namely the marriage process that emphasizes the spiritual aspect without fulfilling formal requirements in the form of a marriage guardian, witness human beings, and ijab valid acceptance. Research This use method study law normative with approach legislation and analysis draft law marriage in Indonesia. The study results show that inner marriage in the Bidaah series is done through unilateral declaration and claiming spiritual validity, with God as the guardian and angels as witnesses. This is contradictory to Article 1 of the Law of Marriage, which regulates marriage as a physical and spiritual bond that must fulfil the conditions of formal law. In addition, the practice of inner marriage also violates Islamic law, as stated in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), which requires the existence of guardians, witnesses, and clear acceptance of consent to ensure a legitimate marriage. Thus, the practice of inner marriage, as displayed in the series No fulfil terms and conditions marriage as arranged in law positive Indonesia, renders the marriage void ab initio.

Sustainability issues in the student business incubators program

Sabilil Hakimi Amizuar, Rezky Mehta Setiadi, Ahmad Rofi Suryahadikusumah — Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The success of a business incubator is not only measured by the number of business groups born, but also by the ability of the business to survive, adapt, and grow sustainably in the midst of market dynamics. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors that affect the sustainability of student startups through university-owned business incubators. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was used to examine sustainability issues in student business incubators, with the following inclusion criteria: 1) articles edited by SINTA and Scopus, 2) publication period 2014–2024, 3) focus on the context of business incubators in higher education, and 4) evaluation results of the business incubator program. The results of the study show that student business sustainability needs to be supported by business incubators with 1) social orientation and non-commercial added value, 2) strengthening the business ecosystem, mentoring, and digitalization, 3) sustainable knowledge transfer, and 4) institutional support in downstream innovation strategies.

Reforming teacher salary policy to strengthen human capital development in Indonesia 2045

Nafis Dwi Kartiko, Alex Oktobertus Pandapotan Gultom — Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to explore teacher salary schemes as a strategic instrument for strengthening human capital formation in the context of Indonesia Emas 2045. This study uses a qualitative approach to understand the relationship between teacher compensation and human capital quality through a conceptual and contextual analysis. The literature review method was chosen because it systematically examines theories, empirical findings, and regulatory frameworks. The main sources of research include laws and regulations governing teacher welfare, official reports from state institutions such as the Central Statistics Agency and the Ministry of Education, and international publications, including the OECD, which provide cross-country comparative data. The data collection strategy involved selecting documents with high credibility, direct relevance, and up-to-date information, which were then analyzed using content analysis techniques that emphasized categorization, interpretation, and synthesis. The results of the study show that teacher salary policy reform is a strategic prerequisite for strengthening the quality of human capital and accelerating Indonesia's competitiveness. Evidence from the 2022 PISA results, which show a decline in mathematics, reading, and science achievement, confirms the urgency of improving instructional quality based on teacher welfare and professionalism in Indonesia. Human capital theory explains that investing in educators as knowledge producers can increase productivity and drive long-term growth through skill accumulation and innovation diffusion. Literature findings show that adequate compensation strengthens motivation, retention, and pedagogical commitment, whereas low salaries correlate with a decline in teaching performance and student engagement.

The effect of liquidity and monetary policy on bank credit distribution

Rifki Romadhan — Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the influence of deposit interest rates, lending rates, Non-Performing Loans (NPL), inflation, and broad money (M2) on bank credit distribution in Indonesia. Using monthly data from September 2016 to June 2025 and employing a multiple linear regression framework complemented by an Indicator Saturation approach to detect and control outliers and structural shocks, this research provides empirical insights into the macroeconomic and systemic risk determinants of banking intermediation. The estimation results show that deposit interest rates and M2 exert a positive and significant impact on bank credit, while lending rates, inflation, and NPL have significant negative effects. The model demonstrates strong explanatory power, indicated by an R-squared value of 0.987, and satisfies the classical assumption tests, including normality, absence of excessive multicollinearity, and no evidence of autocorrelation or heteroskedasticity. These findings highlight the importance of liquidity conditions, asset quality, and monetary stability in sustaining credit distribution within the banking sector. Future research is encouraged to incorporate dynamic modeling techniques and additional micro-banking indicators to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing banking intermediation in Indonesia.

The application of computational thinking and experiential learning concepts to improve algorithm skills among Junior High School Students of Salman Al Farisi Bandung

Erry Fuadillah — Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Computational thinking (CT) is a 21st-century skill that is currently receiving widespread attention in many developed countries, where it has been incorporated into primary and secondary school curricula. Developing this skill requires a learning model that provides students with direct experience; one such model is experiential learning. This model emphasises that real-life experiences are the primary source of knowledge formation and computational thinking skills. This study aims to apply the concept of computational thinking to programming algorithms for junior high school students. This was achieved by comparing the learning outcomes of experimental classes that implemented an experiential learning model with computational thinking with those of a control class that used conventional methods. The results of the analysis showed that the average student learning outcome value in the experimental class was 87.826, compared to 81.36363 in the control class. Based on the t-test, the calculated t-value of 1.33676 is smaller than the t-table value of 1.68107, so H₀ is accepted and H₁ is rejected. Therefore, there is no significant difference in learning outcomes between the two groups. However, applying computational thinking through experiential learning models shows a positive upward trend in student learning outcomes and provides a more meaningful learning experience for understanding programming algorithm concepts.

Exploring resilience and transformation post The Great Disruption: A comparative analysis of firm performance in the new normal era (A COVID-19 literature study)

Kusnan Kusnan, Rahmi Aryanti, Ria Astriyani, Junaidi Junaidi — Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The Covid-19 Pandemic has brought significant changes in humankind’s social life worldwide. Furthermore, both on a micro and macro scale, fundamental changes in economic life are companies in developed and developing countries. This study aims to determine the impact this pandemic has had on many companies in these two country categories and find essential lessons that can be used to overcome similar pandemics in the future. We conclude that the business world, in particular, will change significantly after this Pandemic and many essential things must be prepared to face the company activities in the new normal or post-pandemic era

Visual representation of strength and masculinity in male supplement product packaging

Hendri Hartono, Regyna Margaretha, Nur Sitha Afrilia — Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study critically investigates the visual strategies employed in the packaging of male supplement products in Indonesia, emphasizing how prevailing design practices frequently prioritize erotic imagery and hyper-masculine aesthetics over educational and ethical communication. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method grounded in semiotic analysis and visual communication design (VCD) theory, this research examines selected product packaging through the lenses of color, typography, composition, and imagery. The findings show a tendency to sexualize visual elements, like exaggerated male symbols, overtly sexualized depictions of women, and overly aggressive color schemes. This reduces health products to sexual commodities. These strategies not only disregard local cultural values but also obfuscate crucial medical information, including dosage, ingredients, and potential side effects, thereby undermining consumer health literacy. A critical evaluation of the subject packaging reveals its contribution to the perpetuation of patriarchal gender norms and reinforcement of toxic masculinity. Furthermore, there is a failure on the part of the packaging to adequately address the professional responsibilities inherent to health communication. This phenomenon reflects a systemic failure within the industry to understand design ethics and cultural representation. The study calls upon producers to transition from superficial marketing tactics to more reflective and responsible design strategies. Integral to this approach is the fostering of interdisciplinary collaboration among designers, experts in gender studies, and cultural scholars with the objective of developing packaging that respects social values while conveying accurate information and building long-term brand credibility. It is imperative to reposition packaging as a medium of education and ethical representation to transform the male supplement market into a space that supports both health and dignity.

Utilizing TikTok as a means of self-actualization for students at SLB Negeri 1 Sleman

Riski Putri Oktaviani, Monika Pretty Aprilia — Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to describe the form of self-actualization of students at SLB N 1 Sleman in creating content on the TikTok account @slbn1sleman. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation and analyzed using Gerald Millerson's media production theory and Alfred Schutz's phenomenological approach. The results show that student actualization occurs in three stages: pre-production, production, and post-production. The pre-production stage includes planning content ideas from daily activities, production involves students, actors, and teacher guidance, and post-production includes simple editing and evaluation. The content functions as an educational medium that can change public perceptions of children with special needs. A supportive school environment is a major factor. This study is expected to serve as a reference for other special needs schools in using social media for student education and empowerment.

The normative study of the legal force of electronic mediation in digital business dispute resolution

Andi Tri Utami Hasjim, Farahadayune Naharani Poetry — Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The growth of Indonesia's digital economy, driven by startups and digital investments, has amplified business disputes. Traditional litigation is often inadequate, increasing the reliance on mediation. While current regulations (Law 30/1999, PERMA 1/2016) govern conventional mediation, the shift to electronic (online) mediation presents critical normative challenges in the digital business context. Despite the benefits of online mediation (efficiency, cost-effectiveness), before the enactment of PERMA No. 3 of 2022, specific provisions regarding its implementation, validity, and the binding nature of its outcomes were scarce. Major issues persist concerning the legal effects of electronic mediation agreements, particularly regarding electronic contracts, signature validity, and enforcement mechanisms in startup-investor disputes. Key uncertainties include the legal standing of the agreements, their equivalence to arbitration awards, and the precise procedure for their confirmation. This research conducts a normative study on the Legal Power of Electronic Mediation in Digital Business Dispute Resolution. By analyzing relevant regulations and the concept of electronic contracts, this study aims to clarify the legal status, certainty, confirmation mechanism (e.g., court ratification), and legal implications of violating an online mediation agreement within the Indonesian legal system.

Advanced digital literacy: Analysis of student readiness in facing generative AI

Indrawati Syamsuddin, Verawati Verawati , Ilhamurrahman M Hubaib — Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The development of artificial intelligence technology, particularly generative artificial intelligence (generative AI), has brought about significant changes, especially in higher education. This condition requires students not only to understand the use of basic digital tools but also to master advanced digital literacy, which includes evaluative, strategic, and adaptive abilities in response to technological automation. This study aims to explore students’ readiness to master advanced digital literacy and identify the factors influencing it. This study employed a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving students in the Civic Education Study Program at Halu Oleo University. The findings show that students demonstrate high readiness to utilize AI for academic needs and technological adaptation. However, this readiness is not balanced with adequate information validation abilities, understanding AI mechanisms, and awareness of digital ethics. These findings align with advanced digital literacy theories that emphasize the evaluative, ethical, and critical aspects of modern technology use. The tables included in this study reinforce the pattern that students’ readiness tends to be stronger in operational aspects but weaker in reflective and evaluative ones. This study contributes to the development of a more adaptive advanced digital literacy learning model in higher education for the generative AI ecosystem.

The effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems in improving optical customer satisfaction: A meta-analysis and bibliometric study (Jakarta Region)

Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The rapid advancement of digitalization in the retail sector has compelled optical businesses to adopt Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems to enhance customer loyalty, service personalization, and operational efficiency. In Jakarta, Indonesia's economic and lifestyle capital, urban customers increasingly demand digital, seamless, and personalized experiences in optical services. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2019), there has been a global shift toward interactive and digitally integrated vision care. However, empirical studies in Indonesia on the effectiveness of CRM in the optical sector remain scarce, fragmented, and lack comprehensive methodological synthesis. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of digital CRM systems in improving customer satisfaction within Jakarta's optical retail sector using a mixed-method approach that combines bibliometric and meta-analyses. A bibliometric review of 150 articles from Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, SINTA, and Google Scholar (2013–2023) was conducted using VOSviewer to map research trends. Subsequently, a meta-analysis of 32 empirical studies was performed using a random-effects model via the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. The results reveal that digital CRM significantly impacts customer satisfaction (effect size = 0.61, 95% CI, p < 0.01). Among the CRM dimensions, customer tracking systems showed the highest influence (0.68), followed by loyalty programs (0.63) and automated feedback systems (0.59). This study affirms the strategic importance of CRM in the optical industry. It recommends upskilling optical professionals in digital CRM tools and fostering collaboration with local technology developers for service integration. Further primary research in Jakarta is encouraged to refine the CRM models tailored to urban optical practices.

Local government strategies for providing Adequate Housing Infrastructure, Facilities, and Public Utilities (PSU) in Lamandau Regency

Mancini Pratama Timbung — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Housing development in Lamandau Regency has grown alongside rising demand, but the adequacy of housing Infrastructure, Facilities, and Public Utilities (PSU) remains uneven and often falls short of technical standards. This gap increases the risk of poor accessibility, inadequate basic services, and delayed PSU handovers from developers to the local government. This study examines local government strategies for ensuring adequate and sustainable PSU housing provision in Lamandau Regency. This study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach using triangulation through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders (local agencies, developers, and communities), field observations in housing areas, and a documentation review of relevant regulations and technical archives. pasted SWOT analysis was employed to identify the internal and external factors shaping PSU governance and to formulate actionable strategic directions. The findings indicate persistent implementation problems, including substandard road and drainage quality, incomplete PSU delivery against approved site plans, and reactive supervision that intensifies only near the handover requests. The study concludes that Lamandau needs a shift from reactive to proactive, integrated, and law-enforcement-based governance through four pillars: harmonized inter-agency SOPs and an integrated verification team, mandatory financial guarantees and consistent sanctions, GIS-based asset monitoring, and optimized financing by leveraging central government programs and bank guarantees to rectify problematic assets.

A bibliometric analysis of communication skills among social sciences students in higher education

Muhammad Reyza Arief Taqwa, Napat Panya — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Communication skills among social-science students in higher education (CS3HE) is a rapidly growing research area. This study aims to analyze research trends on this topic through a bibliometric analysis of 1,554 documents published in Scopus-indexed journal articles. The results highlighted an increasing number of publications since 2015. The research was conducted by researchers from multiple countries. The results of research on the CS3HE topic have also been widely published in reputable journals, with most of them being published in Q1 journals. The collaboration between authors and countries shows that this research topic has received significant attention globally. Based on the analysis of research trends, future research should continue to explore the application of technology in health education and the development of communication skills to improve interactions between medical personnel and patients.

Challenging poststructuralist character analysis: A systematic review supporting archetypal depth over surface complexity

Muhammad Daffa Syafiq Nashr Ad-Diba’i — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This systematic literature review examines Jack Horner's characterization in "Puss in Boots: The Last Wish" as a paradigmatic critique of poststructuralist shallow-depth approaches to character analysis. Drawing on mass psychology theory, archetypal analysis, and Individual Psychology frameworks, this study challenges the dominant poststructuralist emphasis on interpretive complexity and semantic instability in contemporary character studies. Using a systematic review methodology, this research analyzes 33 high-quality studies across interdisciplinary domains, including character analysis, poststructuralist theory, mass psychology, and audience response research. The data sources included peer-reviewed articles, theoretical works, and empirical studies examining the effectiveness of character construction and cultural transmission mechanisms. The results demonstrate that Jack Horner's pure evil characterization achieves superior psychological resonance and collective engagement through archetypal depth rather than poststructuralist surface complexity. The physiological evidence of audience synchrony, cross-cultural validation of archetypal patterns, and pedagogical effectiveness in moral instruction consistently support depth approaches over interpretive multiplicity. This study contributes to cultural psychology and media studies by revealing how universal psychological patterns transcend poststructuralist limitations while maintaining practical applicability across diverse contexts. The findings indicate that archetypal character construction serves essential functions in collective meaning-making, moral development, and cultural transmission that poststructuralist deconstruction actively undermines, with significant implications for media production, educational policy, and contemporary approaches to character analysis in academic and cultural contexts.

K-Pop fan solidarity in Indonesian social discourse: Activism and power resistance

Nurul Laili Nadhifah, Manneke Budiman, Shuri Mariasih Gietty Tambunan — Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Fandom activism refers to the ways fans engage with social, cultural, and political issues that affect their daily lives. Over time, social media has reshaped fan activism by altering fans’ roles within the entertainment industry and amplifying their presence in society, including in Indonesia. Using digital ethnography, this study focuses on key moments in the K-pop fandom in Indonesia, such as the DAY6 and ELF conflicts with a concert promoter and the protest against the 12% VAT increase. This study demonstrates how fandom activism serves as a framework for resisting dominant powers, overcoming the negative stigma of a patriarchal society, and adapting to evolving patterns of activism across generations. These findings highlight the complex interplay between the internal and external dynamics that shape K-pop fan activism in Indonesia. Fans continually renegotiate their identities and roles within fan communities and society at large.

Normative analysis of the legal status of Catholic church annulment in the national legal system: A comparison of the concepts of annulment and divorce

Emirza Nur Wicaksono — Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study normatively analyzes the legal status of the Catholic Church’s annulment within the Indonesian national legal system by comparing the concepts of annulment and divorce. This study is normative legal research that employs statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that annulment in Catholic Church Law is declarative and based on the principle of the indissolubility of marriage, thus being conceptually distinct from divorce in national law. Although annulment shares similarities with marriage annulment, the decisions of ecclesiastical tribunals do not have binding legal force in the national legal system because they are not explicitly regulated by Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. This lack of synchronization between canon and national laws creates legal uncertainty and has implications for the protection of Catholic citizens’ rights. This research affirms the necessity of harmonizing legal norms within the framework of legal pluralism to achieve legal certainty and justice in the regulation of marital status in Indonesia

IoT-based smart cat home with sensor integration and B lynk application for real-time monitoring of cat temperature, feed, and activity

Andini Sintawati, Alda Emly Tambunan — Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Cats are one of the most popular pets in Indonesia, especially purebred cats that require special care, including temperature control, lighting, and food and water availability. Cat owners often face challenges when leaving their pets for extended periods, necessitating an effective monitoring system for their pets. This study aimed to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Cat Home system to monitor and control cage conditions in real time. The system uses ESP32 and ESP32-CAM microcontrollers, DHT22 sensors for temperature and humidity, LDR sensors for lighting, Load Cell sensors for food and water, and the Blynk application as a remote monitoring medium. The research methods included requirements analysis, hardware and software design, sensor integration, and functional testing. The test results show that the system works in automatic mode with a 95% success rate and responds quickly to commands. The developed Smart Cat Home system has been proven to work well and reliably to help cat owners monitor cage conditions efficiently and remotely.

Portfolio optimization using cryptocurrency

Raka Arjunaldi Pramana Putra, Mychelia Champaca — Mon, 19 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the role of cryptocurrency investment in optimizing the performance of a portfolio comprising traditional assets, such as stocks, foreign exchange, and gold. This quantitative research employs the Markowitz Mean-Variance Optimization model and Sharpe ratio analysis. The data used consist of monthly closing prices from January 2019 to December 2024 for three cryptocurrencies (BTC, ETH, and XRP), three banking stocks (BBCA, BBRI, and BMRI), three foreign exchange pairs (USD/IDR, EUR/IDR, and GBP/IDR), and gold. A comparison was made between an optimal portfolio without a cryptocurrency and an optimal portfolio with a cryptocurrency. The results indicate that the inclusion of cryptocurrency significantly increased the portfolio's expected return from 14.07% to 32.08%. This increase was accompanied by a rise in risk (standard deviation) from 11.39% to 19.49%. However, portfolio efficiency improved dramatically, as evidenced by the Sharpe ratio surging from 70.89% to 133.83%. In both scenarios, gold consistently played a dominant role as a stabilizing asset in the portfolio. It is concluded that, during the study period, cryptocurrency served as a significant return enhancer and efficiency booster in the investment portfolio.

The role of Islamic spirituality in overcoming depression: A literature review

Arman Muhammad Amir — Mon, 19 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to examine the role of Islamic spirituality in addressing depression, particularly among young people, through the practices of dhikr (remembrance of God), prayer, supplication, trust (tawakal), patience, and consent (privacy), which effectively reduce depressive symptoms. This research methodology uses a literature review with a descriptive analysis approach to analyze Islamic spiritual practices and their effectiveness in addressing depression among adolescents. Data were obtained from scientific journals, books, and academic publications that discussed the relationship between Islamic spirituality and mental health. The results of this literature review indicate that the higher a person's level of Islamic spirituality, the better their psychological well-being, including resilience to depression. Islamic psychology makes a vertical relationship with Allah SWT the primary foundation for protecting mental health, in line with Surah Ar-Ra'd/13:28, which states that only by remembering Allah can the heart be at peace. Therefore, the practice of dhikr provides peace of mind and soul, and prevents symptoms of depression.

Local open government: Key issues in Contagem, Brazil

Syed Agung Afandi, Rizki Erdayani — Mon, 19 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the key issues of open government in Contagem, Brazil, using a bibliometric analysis approach. Research data were collected from Google Scholar using Publish or Perish and analyzed with VOSviewer through co-occurrence techniques on keyword units with the full counting method. The findings revealed three major dimensions within the discourse: normative, policy, and local practice. The normative dimension underscores transparency and accountability in digital platforms. The policy dimension demonstrates the institutionalization of open government principles in urban planning and social programs. The local practice dimension reflects contextual adaptation by emphasizing inclusivity, sustainability, and smart governance. Moreover, the five core commitments of Contagem—digital participation through Decidim, the Integrity Plan, the establishment of CPRAC-C for administrative conflict resolution, a mobile application for georeferencing third-sector services, and the enhancement of the Transparency Portal—illustrate the city’s serious efforts to integrate OGP values at the local level. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, including limited and uneven citizen engagement, fragmentation of participatory instruments, digital divides, and the risk of symbolic implementation of the law. This study concludes that Contagem represents both opportunities and constraints in the execution of local open government, underscoring the need to strengthen inclusiveness, operational integrity, and integration of participatory mechanisms. Reinforcing these aspects would not only consolidate Contagem’s position within Brazil, but also enable it to serve as a model for participatory and sustainable urban governance in Latin America.

Indonesian tourism between international volatility and domestic stability

Inayah Hidayati — Mon, 19 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the dynamics of Indonesian tourism from 2000 to 2024, emphasizing the dual roles of international tourist arrivals and domestic tourist trips. The analysis examines how international markets exhibit volatility in response to global crises, whereas domestic tourism demonstrates notable stability and resilience. This research employs official secondary data from Statistics Indonesia, including annual international arrivals, monthly arrivals by nationality, domestic trips by province of origin and destination, and tourism foreign exchange earnings. All datasets were standardized into a panel format and analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods combined with the periodization of crisis and recovery phases. The findings show that international arrivals are highly volatile, with sharp declines during the 2003 SARS episode, the 2008 global financial crisis, and especially the COVID-19 pandemic, with an approximately 80% drop in 2020–2021. In contrast, domestic trips reached 2.9 billion in 2019 and recovered quickly, surpassing 3.3 billion in 2023. Foreign exchange earnings move in tandem with international arrivals, averaging more than US$10 billion annually before 2014 and falling during crisis episodes. This evidence underscores a structural duality: international arrivals remain crucial for foreign exchange and global positioning, whereas domestic trips provide the backbone of resilience and local economic continuity. Policy implications include diversifying international markets, enhancing domestic tourism infrastructure and connectivity, and embedding the principles of resilient and sustainable tourism in national strategies.

Eviction and civil compensation on riverbank land

Firmansah Firmansah, Sulkiah Hendrawati , Wahyudi Wahyudi — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The eviction of land along the riverbank in Sukadana Village, Kasemen District, Serang City, has raised legal and social issues, particularly regarding the legality of government actions and the mechanism of providing civil compensation to affected residents. Communities that had occupied the land for decades lost their homes without transparent procedures or adequate compensation. This study aims to analyze the legal basis for eviction and civil compensation, as well as identify the obstacles encountered in its implementation. The research method employed is normative juridical, supported by empirical data analysis. Data were obtained through a literature review of legislation, legal literature, and court decisions, complemented by interviews with affected residents and relevant government officials. The findings indicate that the eviction process did not comply with the applicable legal provisions. Socialization, deliberation, and official notifications were not procedurally carried out. The promised compensation in the form of substitute land was not realized, and the government only offered relocation to public housing, which residents deemed inadequate. The main obstacles to policy implementation include limited regional budgets, regulatory changes from the central government, and political pressure with short-term development targets. In conclusion, a gap exists between legal norms and eviction practices in the field, resulting in violations of residents’ rights. Therefore, improvements are needed in the mechanisms of eviction and compensation to ensure they are more transparent, fair, and in line with the principles of a state based on the law.

Rethinking the allocation of MBG funds: Toward justice, utility, and national benefit

Taufikin Taufikin — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The "Meal-Based Grant (MBG)" is an education welfare package, which is concurrently provided to all students without differentiation by their family's economic condition, and is typical. While this policy intends to promote equity, there is a risk of waste and unfair distribution if financially advantaged students can access their entitlements from the public purse based on financial means rather than need. This study critically examines the MBG scheme from the perspectives of social justice, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, and sustainable development. Applying normative-analytical and comparative policy reflection, the study argues that the MBG must be redesigned with greater focus. From there, the model works through a school-level targeting approach to serve only poor, underprivileged, and orphaned children directly. Furthermore, the remaining funds will be transferred for strategic educational investments, such as long-term scholarships at least up to the level of undergraduate studies, school infrastructure upgrading, merit-based awards, and research and innovation funds that include funding student inventions up to patent and industrial realization. Redistribution meets both fairness and efficiency requirements and raises a country's competitive ability and overall social welfare. The transformation from short-term to long-term consumption under the reformed MBG scheme will contribute more effectively to the SDGs: quality education and innovation. Finally, this study offers a new policy direction to strengthen short-run welfare forces through long-term human capital development.

The effectiveness of the regulation of goods and services procurement through the Electronic Procurement Service Information System (SILAPETRO) as an instrument of good university governance at Universitas Brawijaya

Shanti Riskawati, Zahwa Maulidina Afwija — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Universitas Brawijaya, a state university that previously operated as a Public Service Agency (Badan Layanan Umum), officially transformed into a Legal Entity State University (Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Berbadan Hukum, PTN-BH) in October 2021. This change in institutional status granted the university the autonomous authority to formulate and enact internal regulations, including those governing the procurement of goods and services. In exercising such authority, Universitas Brawijaya has enacted several Rector Regulations regulating the procurement of goods and services, inter alia, Rector Regulation of Universitas Brawijaya Number 98 of 2021 as amended by Rector Regulation Number 106 of 2022, as well as Rector Regulation Number 36 of 2022 concerning the Technical Guidelines for the Procurement of Goods/Services. Efforts to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of goods and services procurement management have been pursued through the implementation of an electronic procurement system utilizing the Electronic Procurement Service Information System (Silapetro). Nevertheless, after nearly three years of implementation, various issues remain evident in terms of the regulatory framework and the practical execution of goods and services procurement at Universitas Brawijaya. Based on these circumstances, this study aims to examine and analyze the effectiveness of the regulation of goods and services procurement through Silapetro as an instrument for implementing the principles of Good University Governance at Universitas Brawijaya. This research employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative juridical approach, focusing on the analysis of primary legal materials, particularly Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018, as amended by Presidential Regulation Number 12 of 2021, as well as the relevant Rector Regulations governing goods and services procurement at Universitas Brawijaya.

Analysis of donors satisfaction with LAZISMU kendal digital fundraising

Ikhsan Intizam — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the level of donor satisfaction with the digital fundraising services implemented by LAZISMU Kendal as part of its efforts to adapt to the growing use of digital technology in Islamic philanthropy. In the digital era, the management of zakat, infaq, and charitable funds is no longer limited to conventional mechanisms but increasingly relies on digital platforms that emphasize transparency, ease of transactions, and effective communication. These aspects are essential indicators of shaping donors’ perceptions and experiences when engaging with digital fundraising services. This study employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a structured questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The questionnaire was distributed to 100 active donors who utilized LAZISMU Kendal’s digital fundraising services. The collected data were analyzed to capture donors’ assessments of various service dimensions, including the ease of digital donations, transaction efficiency, confirmation speed, and transparency in fund distribution reporting. The descriptive method allows this study to present an objective overview of donor satisfaction levels based on donors’ direct experiences with the digital system. The findings indicate that most donors express a high level of satisfaction with the digital fundraising services provided by LAZISMU Kendal. Donors particularly appreciate the convenience of making donations through digital channels, the speed of transaction confirmation, and the clarity of reports on the distribution of collected funds. These factors contribute positively to donors’ overall experience and reinforce their confidence in the institution’s digital fundraising practices. Nevertheless, the results also reveal several areas that require further improvement, especially related to service personalization and the consistency of two-way communication between the institution and donors. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that while LAZISMU Kendal’s digital fundraising services have generally met donors’ expectations, continuous improvement is necessary to enhance donor satisfaction. Strengthening personalized services and increasing the activeness of interactive communication may help foster closer relationships with donors. Therefore, LAZISMU Kendal is encouraged to continuously refine its digital system and adopt a more relationship-oriented approach to sustain donor satisfaction and support long-term donor loyalty.

The position of religious marriage guardians (wali muhakkam) in Islamic law and Indonesian positive law: Analysis of decision number 935/pdt.p/2024/pa.gm

Ayang Afira Anugerahayu, Muhammad Rifaldi Setiawan — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The existence of a marriage guardian (wali nikah) constitutes an essential pillar of marriage that must be fulfilled for a prospective bride under Islamic law and Indonesian positive law. However, in practice, there are marriages conducted without a lineage guardian (wali nasab) or a judicial guardian (wali hakim), instead utilizing a guardian from among religious figures or Islamic scholars (ustadz), commonly referred to as wali muhakkam. This practice is not regulated by the Compilation of Islamic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam), resulting in legal uncertainty. This article analyzes the legal standing of religious figure guardians and their sharīʿah and juridical foundations through a case study of the Decision of the Giri Menang Religious Court Number 935/Pdt. P/2024/PA.GM, which validated a marriage officiated by an ustadz acting as wali muhakkam. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that, from a fiqh perspective, the appointment of a wali muhakkam may be justified under emergency conditions, whereas under positive law, its existence only attains legal legitimacy through the mechanism of marriage legalization (nikah isbat). The analyzed decision demonstrates a degree of legal adaptability in accommodating social realities based on the principle of maslahah. Therefore, reconstructing the regulation concerning marriage guardians in national law is necessary to ensure that the practice of wali muhakkam no longer remains within a legal gray area.

The 1961 vienna convention implementations on eradicating structural discrimination of diplomatic corps towards the protection of female diplomats rights

Aulia Yuti Serera, Anisa Azzaulfa, Radifan Anhari, Ervin Riandy — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The role of female diplomats on the international stage has increased significantly over the last two decades. However, the role of female diplomats remains limited in some areas, such as human rights, international peace, and climate change. They also play a limited role as negotiators, facilitators, and policy designers. This condition leads to the structural discrimination faced by female diplomats. The 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (VCDR) was formulated to grant all diplomats, including female diplomats, the protection of diplomatic functions and the official status of diplomats. This research adopts a normative-empirical approach to analyze how the implementation of the 1961 VCDR eradicates the structural discrimination of the diplomatic corps towards the protection of the rights of female diplomats. The research findings show that women’s involvement in diplomacy still faces a significant gap in terms of numbers and levels assigned. Female diplomats also face the risk of gender violation and harassment. The 1961 VCDR was formulated as a gender-neutral foundation for diplomatic protection, which means it lacks specific provisions on gender-based discrimination or violence. Consequently, addressing issues such as unequal postings and promotions heavily relies on national policies, labor laws, and international human rights instruments such as CEDAW, rather than the 1961 VCDR directly. The empowerment of female diplomats requires a multi-faceted approach involving both normative efforts and structural reforms.

The role of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in upholding refugee rights in Indonesia based on the implementation of the 1951 refugee convention and the 1967 protocol

Anisa Azzaulfa, Aulia Yuti Serera — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Forced migration is a global issue that poses challenging legal challenges. Under Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016, Indonesia provides refugees with temporary protection, even though it has not joined the 1951 Refugee Convention or the 1967 Protocol. Even while the rule protects them, the legal framework restricts their ability to earn a living by prohibiting them from working, leaving them vulnerable and reliant on outside assistance. By contrasting its actions with the tenets of international refugee law, this paper investigates the role of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in protecting refugee rights in Indonesia. The methodology is a normative-empirical legal approach that analyzes both the applicable legal instruments and the IOM’s factual practices based on official reports. The findings indicate that to bridge the gap created by the legal restriction on working, the IOM provides a monthly Cash-Based Intervention (CBI) allowance to support basic sustenance and align with the spirit of Article 23 of the Convention. Furthermore, the IOM covers tuition and supplies for refugees’ education, adhering to the standard set by Article 22 of the Convention. The IOM provides comprehensive insurance for healthcare, covering hospitalization, mental health, and reproductive health. These healthcare provisions fulfill the obligations outlined in Article 24. In conclusion, the IOM’s humanitarian interventions, specifically the provision of financial aid, education, and healthcare, are crucial in mitigating the acute vulnerabilities of refugees in Indonesia. These initiatives demonstrate a pragmatic dedication to maintaining social welfare norms and basic human rights in accordance with the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol.