Development and initial feasibility of the MALIKA Flannel-QR Board for career awareness in 4th  grade of elementary school

Heri Setiawan; Agus Kichi Hermansyah; Asri Fauzi; Ida  Ermiana; Heri Hadi Saputra

doi:10.55942/pssj.v5i11.921

Authors

Heri Setiawan Universitas Mataram https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-4797
Agus Kichi Hermansyah Universitas Musamus Merauke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1172-0869
Asri Fauzi Universitas Mataram https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2565-4380
Ida Ermiana Universitas Mataram https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-8565
Heri Hadi Saputra Universitas Mataram https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4558-0210

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v5i11.921

Keywords:

Barcode scan, career counselling, elementary education, flanel board, learning media

Abstract

This study aims to present research results related to the development of the MALIKA Board media to foster career awareness in 4th grade elementary school students. The media development model used is the ADDIE (analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate) model. The subjects of this study were nine fourth-grade elementary school students in the city of Mataram. The instruments in this study are validation questionnaires of media experts, material experts, and user responses. Validation was carried out by two 2 media experts, one material expert, and 1 grade fourth teacher. Limited and small group trials involved nine students, while large-scale trials (effectiveness tests) involved 31 4th grade elementary school students as research subjects. The data collected is the feasibility value of experts and users (quantitative) as well as criticism (qualitative) as input for the MALIKA media. The results of media expert validation showed a score of 83.75 (adequate). The validation results of the material experts and practitioners showed a score of 78.5 (feasible). Effectiveness data collection using pretest and posttest with 15 multiple choice and short answer questions. The results of the media effectiveness test on a limited group showed a score of 80 (sufficient), and for a small group, a score of 80.4 (sufficient). The large-scale test showed that Malika media was effective based on the Wilcoxson test (Z_count 4.011> Z _able 1.96).The results of the validation and field test show that the MALIKA board is suitable for introducing career concepts to fourth-grade elementary school students.

Author Biographies

Heri Setiawan, Universitas Mataram

Heri Setiawan is a Senior lecturer at Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia. He received his Dr. in 2025 from Department of Primary Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. As of 2025, Dr. Heri Setiawan has more than 7 years experience in academia and university teaching. The research field he pursued during his time as an academic was Indonesian language and literature education and learning in elementary schools.

Agus Kichi Hermansyah, Universitas Musamus Merauke

Agus Kichi Hermansyah is a Senior lecturer at Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Musamus Merauke, Merauke, Indonesia. As of 2025, Mr. Agus Kichi Hermansyah, M.Pd has more than 14 years experience in academia and university teaching. He also a doctoral student at Department of Primary Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta. The research field he pursued during his time as an academic was Indonesian language and literature education and learning in elementary schools.

Asri Fauzi, Universitas Mataram

Asri Fauzi is a Senior lecturer at Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia. As of 2025, Mr. Asri Fauzi, M.Pd has more than 6 years experience in academia and university teaching. The research field he pursued during his time as an academic was mathematics teaching in elementary schools. More specifically, he focused on Sasak traditional ethnomathematics for elementary school mathematics teaching.

Ida Ermiana, Universitas Mataram

Ida Ermiana is a Senior lecturer at Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia. He received his Dr. in 2024 from Department of Educational Technology, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. As of 2025, Dr. Ida Ermiana has more than 20 years experience in academia and university teaching. The field that she is pursuing is Learning Technology in elementary schools, which is reflected in various research and education that is carried out.

Heri Hadi Saputra, Universitas Mataram

Heri Hadi Saputra is a Senior lecturer at Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia. He received his Dr. in 2024 from Department of Educational Science, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. As of 2025, Dr. Heri Hadi Saputra has more than 18 years experience in academia and university teaching. The field he is interested in is educational administration, which is reflected in various research and educational activities carried out.

References

Agoes Salim, R. M., Istiasih, M. R., Rumalutur, N. A., & Biondi Situmorang, D. D. (2023). The role of career decision self-efficacy as a mediator of peer support on students’ career adaptability. Heliyon, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14911

Allen, M. (2017). Chapter 4 - designing online asynchronous information literacy instruction using the ADDIE model. in T. Maddison & M. Kumaran (Eds.), Distributed Learning (pp. 69–91). Chandos Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100598-9.00004-0

Alwashmi, K., Meyer, G., Rowe, F., & Ward, R. (2024). Enhancing learning outcomes through multisensory integration: A fMRI study of audio-visual training in virtual reality. NeuroImage, 285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120483

Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach (Vol. 722). Springer.

Bukoye, R. O. (2019). Utilization of instruction materials as tools for effective academic performance of students: Implications for counselling. 1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2211395

Bunari, B., Setiawan, J., Ma’arif, M. A., Purnamasari, R., Hadisaputra, H., & Sudirman, S. (2024). The influence of flipbook learning media, learning interest, and learning motivation on learning outcomes. Journal of Education and Learning, 18(2), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i2.21059

Cojocariu, V.-M., & Cojocariu, I.-V. (2015). A study on raising awareness of the students’ needs of career counselling. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 1058–1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.206

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.

Fang, G., Li, X., Chan, P. W. K., & Kalogeropoulos, P. (2024). A multilevel investigation into teacher-supported student use of technology in East Asian classroom: examining teacher and school characteristics. Computers & Education, 218, 105092. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105092

Fathoni, A., Muhibbin, A., Arifin, Z., Habiby, W. N., & Ismail, M. E. (2021). Implementation of guidance and counselling services to Muhammadiyah elementary schools, Surakarta, provincial central Java, Indonesia. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 42(1), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.34044/j.kjss.2021.42.1.28

Harris, J. L., Al-Bataineh, M. T., & Al-Bataineh, A. (2016). One to one technology and its effect on student academic achievement and motivation. In CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY (Vol. 7, Issue 4).

Hirata, Y., & Ozawa, E. (2023). Characteristics of students who require elementary school counselors’ support owing to developmental disorders. Heliyon, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13791

Howard, K. A. S., & Ferrari, L. (2022). Social-emotional learning and career development in elementary settings. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 50(3), 371–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2021.1959898

Ibda, H., Al-Hakim, M. F., Faizah, F., Aniqoh, A., & Mahsun, M. (2024). " Benkangen" Game: Digital Media in Elementary School Indonesian Language. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 18(2), 480-488. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i2.21091

Indonesian Counseling Guidance Association. (2007). Signs for the implementation of guidance and counseling in formal education. Indonesian Ministry of Education.

Insani, M., Haenilah, E. Y., Hariri, H., & Sinaga, R. M. (2023). Audio-visual-based history learning media materials about human life in the literary age. Journal of Education and Learning, 17(3), 398–407. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v17i3.20730

Irham, M. (2022). Management of guidance and counselling program at inclusive elementary school. Pamomong: Journal of Islamic Educational Counseling. 3(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.18326/pamomong.v3i1.39

Jeon, M. J., Lee, H.-K., & Kwak, H.-J. (2022). Effect of school sand play group counseling on emotional and behavioral problems, peer problems, and aggression of elementary school students. School Counselling and Sandplay, 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54084/SCS.2022.4.1.1

Johnston, S., Parker, C. N., & Fox, A. (2017). Impact of audio-visual storytelling in simulation learning experiences of undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 56, 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.06.011

Kelchner, V. P., Perleoni, M. K., & Lambie, G. W. (2019). An investigation of change: elementary students with an individual education program participating in a school-based mental health counselling intervention. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 19(4), 325–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-3802.12451

Kesehatan Gigi, J., Wiradona, I., Ihsan Setyowati, F., & Jati Dyah Utami, W. (2022). The effectiveness of counselling using animated video on the behaviour regarding dental caries among elementary school students. Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi, 9, 47–52. http://ejournal.poltekkes-smg.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jkg/index

King, K. M., Tchouankam, T., Shope, R., Idoate, R., Clarke, M., Su, D., & Johansson, P. (2023). Barriers and opportunities for promoting health professions careers among African American students in the Midwest. Journal of the National Medical Association, 115(2), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2023.01.007

Kjellgren, M., Lilliehorn, S., & Markström, U. (2024). The counselling practice of school social workers in Swedish elementary schools. A focus group study. Nordic Social Work Research, 14(1), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/2156857X.2022.2041467

Kumi, R., Conway, C. M., Limayem, M., & Goyal, S. (2013). Research article learning in color: How color and affect influence learning outcomes. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 56(1), 2–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPC.2012.2208390

Kusuma, F. I., Suryani, N., & Sumaryati, S. (2022). Mobile application-based media learning and its’ effect on students’ learning motivation. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(3), 1353–1359. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22481

Lai, A. H. Y., Wong, E. L. Y., Lau, W. S. Y., Tsui, E. Y. L., & Leung, C. T. C. (2024). Life-World Design: a career counseling program for future orientations of school students. Children and Youth Services Review, 161, 107627. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107627

Laila, A., Asri Budiningsih, C., & Syamsi, K. (2021). Textbooks based on local wisdom to improve reading and writing skills of elementary school students. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(3), 886–892. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i3.21683

Latifah, L., & Susanti, R. H. (2023). Pengenalan Karir Berbatuan Media Pop-Up Buger (Buku Gerak) Bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Dedikasi Nusantara: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Pendidikan Dasar, 3(2), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.29407/dedikasi.v3i2.21641.

Lee, M. B., & Kim, E. J. (2020). The effects of school sandplay group counselling on emotional and behavioral problems in the lower grades of elementary school. School Counselling and Sandplay, 2(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54084/SCS.2020.2.1.1

Liu, X., & Zhang, L. (2024). Exploring the relationship between teachers’ professional capital and technology-enhanced teaching innovation: the mediating role of constructivist belief. Teaching and Teacher Education, 139, 104434. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104434

Loukia, D., & Ourania, K. (2020). Parental effectiveness and school counselling in elementary education. European Journal of Teaching and Education, 2(2), 94–106.

Mar’atussolichah, Ibda, H., Al-Hakim, M. F., Faizah, F., Aniqoh, A., & Mahsun, M. (2024). Benkangen game: digital media in elementary school Indonesian language. Journal of Education and Learning, 18(2), 480–488. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i2.21091

Nadiyah, R. S., & Faaizah, S. (2015). The development of online project based collaborative learning using ADDIE model. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1803–1812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.392

Ni ’matuzahroh, Zulfiana, U., & Suen, M.-W. (2020, January). An analysis of a scaffolding collaborative contextual method of inclusive teacher toward the students with special needs in elementary school. Proceedings of the 5th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2019). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200120.033

Paetsch, J., Franz, S., & Wolter, I. (2023). Changes in early career teachers’ technology use for teaching: the roles of teacher self-efficacy, ICT literacy, and experience during covid-19 school closure. Teaching and Teacher Education, 135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104318

Price, F., & Kadi-Hanifi, K. (2011). E-motivation! the role of popular technology in student motivation and retention. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 16(2), 173–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/13596748.2011.575278

Razak, R. A. (2013). Shared mental model among graphic designers, multimedia designers and subject matter experts in designing multimedia- based instructional media. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 818–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.403

Sangsawang, T. (2015). Instructional design framework for educational media. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176, 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.445

Seel, N. M., & Dijkstra, S. (2004). Curriculum, plans, and processes in instructional design: international perspectives. LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02504802

Shin, H.-J., & Lee, M.-B. (2021). The effects of school sand play group counseling on depression and anxiety of elementary school students: a preliminary study. School Counselling and Sandplay, 3(1), 16–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54084/SCS.2021.3.1.16

Siyez, D. M., & Baş, A. U. (2009). Turkish school counsellors and counselling students’ knowledge of adolescent suicide. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 19(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.19.1.25

Smaldino, S. E., Lowther, D. L., & Russell, J. D. (2014). Instructional technology and media for learning (10th ed.). Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Sugiyono (2022). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung

Thamarasseri, I. (2014). Meta-narrative on guidance and counselling in schools. Journal on Educational Psychology, 7(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.7.3.2527.

Tran-Duong, Q. H. (2021). Designing e-courseware to support vietnamese students in self-study fractions (4th grade mathematics) by programmed instruction method. International Journal of Instruction, 14(4), 259–280. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14416a

Tria Finishia, F., Hidayah, N., & Hidayatur Rahman, D. (2020). The urgency of guidance and counseling at the elementary school. In 6th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET 2020), 162–166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201204.028

Tu, S.-F., & Chan, Y.-H. (2022). Elementary school teachers’ satisfaction with their collaboration with counsellors: effects of teacher attitudes, teacher expectations and counsellor professional traits. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 50(6), 834–846. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2021.2021584

van Kraayenoord, C. E. (1994). “I want to do something better”: career education, guidance and counselling for young women wtth disabilities in secondary schools. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 4, 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1017/s103729110000193x

Vebrianto, R., & Osman, K. (2011). The effect of multiple media instruction in improving students’ science process skill and achievement. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 346–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.099

Witono, H., Nyoman Karma, I., Hakim, M., & Setiawan, H. (2022). Development of self-understanding modules as a media for innovation of character-based guidance of elementary school students in the new normal era. BRILIANT: Journal of Research and Conceptual, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.28926/briliant

Yang, C.-Y., Hsu, E.-L., & Huang, T.-Y. C. (2014). The impact of media and background color on handwriting. In LNCS (Vol. 8519).

Zuković, S., & Slijepčević, S. (2022). Counselling elementary school students-experiences of school counsellors from Serbia. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 32(2), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2020.15